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State two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Two key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration are: 1. Oxygen requirement: Aerobic requires oxygen, anaerobic occurs without oxygen 2. Energy yield: Aerobic produces more ATP (38 molecules) than anaerobic (2 ATP molecules) Step-by-Step Solution: Aerobic equation: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Wa
Describe the process of osmosis.
Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane. Step-by-Step Solution: Water molecules move through a semi-permeable membrane that allows water but not larger molecules to pass through Movement always
How does DNA replication ensure that cells can divide to grow or repair tissue?
DNA replication is a semi-conservative process that creates two identical DNA molecules, each containing one original and one new strand, enabling accurate cell division. Step-by-Step Solution: DNA double helix unzips when hydrogen bonds break between base pairs DNA helicase enzyme separates strands; each acts as a
Why are antibiotics not effective against viruses?
Antibiotics specifically target bacterial cell structures and processes that are absent in viruses, making them ineffective against viral infections. Step-by-Step Solution: Antibiotics work by disrupting bacterial cell walls, protein synthesis, or DNA replication Viruses have no cell wall, ribosomes, or independent
Explain why only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.
Only 10% of energy transfers between trophic levels because 90% is lost through life processes and inefficient feeding. Step-by-Step Solution: Energy is lost through respiration (organisms use energy for cellular processes) Heat energy is continuously lost to the environment Not all parts of organisms are digesti
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