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State two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Two key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration are: 1. Oxygen requirement: Aerobic requires oxygen, anaerobic occurs without oxygen 2. Energy yield: Aerobic produces more ATP (38 molecules) than anaerobic (2 ATP molecules) Step-by-Step Solution: Aerobic equation: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Wa
Compare and contrast the structure of phloem sieve tubes and xylem vessels.
Phloem sieve tubes and xylem vessels are specialized plant transport tissues with distinct structural adaptations for their functions, differing primarily in cell wall composition, end plates, and cellular contents. Step-by-Step Solution: Structure Comparison: - Phloem: Living cells, thin cell walls, sieve plates w
Describe the process of osmosis.
Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane. Step-by-Step Solution: Water molecules move through a semi-permeable membrane that allows water but not larger molecules to pass through Movement always
What is meant by the term 'organ system'?
An organ system is a group of organs working together to perform specific biological functions necessary for maintaining homeostasis and survival of the organism. Step-by-Step Solution: Organs are structures made of multiple tissues working together for a specific function Multiple organs collaborate in a system (e
Calculate the frequency of the heterozygous genotype in a population using the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
The frequency of heterozygotes (2pq) is calculated by multiplying 2 × p × q, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele. Step-by-Step Solution: Start with p + q = 1 (where p and q are allele frequencies) Use Hardy-Weinberg equation: p² + 2pq + q² = 1 Heterozygote
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