The IGCSE Biology specification provides a structured outline of what students need to learn for their exams. It defines core topics, assessment methods, and study pathways, ensuring a clear understanding of the subject. Both Cambridge (CIE) and Edexcel offer IGCSE Biology, each with its own approach to content and assessment.
In this guide, we’ll explore the key topics covered in the specification, the differences between exam boards, and the assessment structure. Whether you’re taking the Core or Extended syllabus, this breakdown will help you navigate the specification with ease.
Overview of the IGCSE Biology Specification
The IGCSE Biology specification is a detailed guide that outlines everything students need to learn for their exams. It structures the subject into key topics, sets learning objectives, and defines the assessment format. Both teachers and students use the specification to understand what will be tested and how to prepare better.
Most exam boards, including Cambridge International (CIE) and Edexcel, offer two levels within IGCSE Biology:
1. Core and Extended Content (Cambridge IGCSE Biology)
Cambridge IGCSE Biology allows students to choose between two levels of study:
Core syllabus : Covers the basic biological concepts. It is designed for students aiming for grades C to G.
Extended syllabus: Includes everything from the Core syllabus plus additional, more challenging content. It is intended for students targeting grades A to C*.
2. Single vs. Double Award (Edexcel IGCSE Biology)
Edexcel IGCSE Biology offers two pathways:
Single Science (Biology-only qualification): Students take Biology as a standalone subject.
Double Award Science: This combines Biology, Chemistry, and Physics into one qualification, leading to two IGCSE grades.
Regardless of the exam board, the IGCSE Biology specification helps students build a strong understanding of biological concepts while improving their analytical and practical skills.
10 Key Topics in IGCSE Biology
These topics form the core of the IGCSE Biology syllabus, making sure that students gain a good understanding of living organisms and their functions . Here, we’ve highlighted the 10 most important topics, though the subject includes many others as well.
| Topic | Brief Overview |
| Cell Biology | Study of cell structure, functions, and processes like cell division and DNA. |
| Human Biology | Understanding of human systems like the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive. |
| Ecology | Study of ecosystems, food chains, and human impact on the environment. |
| Genetics | Basics of inheritance, DNA structure, and genetic variation. |
| Photosynthesis and Respiration | Processes by which plants make food and how living organisms produce energy. |
| Reproduction | Understanding reproduction in plants and animals. |
| Enzymes | Study of enzyme structure, function, and how they speed up reactions. |
| Transport in Plants & Animals | How water, nutrients, and gases move within organisms. |
| Diseases and Immunity | Focus on pathogens, the immune system, and vaccination. |
| Excretion and Homeostasis | The processes that remove waste from the body and regulate internal conditions. |
Exam Boards Offering IGCSE Biology
IGCSE Biology is offered by different exam boards, with Cambridge International (CIE) and Edexcel being the most widely recognised. While both follow the IGCSE Biology specification, their approach to assessment and structure varies slightly.
Cambridge IGCSE Biology (CIE)
Two levels of study: Core (simpler concepts) and Extended (more in-depth learning).
Grading options: A*–G or, in some cases, 9–1.
Assessment: Two to three written papers, plus a practical exam or Alternative to Practical (ATP) paper.
Edexcel IGCSE Biology
Single-tier syllabus: All students take the same exam level.
Grading options: A*–G or 9–1, depending on the school’s preference.
Assessment: Two written exam papers, covering both theory and practical application.
Double Award Science: An option that combines Biology, Chemistry, and Physics under one qualification, leading to two IGCSE grades.
Differences Between CIE and Edexcel IGCSE Biology
| Feature | Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Biology | Edexcel IGCSE Biology |
| Syllabus Structure | Core & Extended options | Single-tier syllabus |
| Grading System | A*–G (or 9–1 option) | A*–G or 9–1 |
| Exam Papers | 2-3 papers | 2 papers |
| Practical Assessment | Practical exam or ATP | Assessed in theory papers |
| Double Award Option | Not available | Available |
IGCSE Biology Assessment Structure
Understanding how IGCSE Biology is assessed is key to good preparation. The exam format varies slightly between Cambridge International (CIE) and Edexcel, but both focus on testing theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Let’s break it down.
Exam Format: Number of Papers and Question Types
IGCSE Biology exams include a mix of multiple-choice questions, short-answer responses, and structured questions. These test students’ understanding of key concepts, ability to apply knowledge, and problem-solving skills.
Both Cambridge and Edexcel assess students through written exams, but the way they handle practical skills is slightly different. While most marks come from theory-based questions, students must also show they can analyze experiments and interpret data.
Theory vs Practical Assessment
The majority of the exam focuses on theory, covering biological concepts, principles, and applications. However, practical skills also play an important role. Instead of coursework-based practical assessments, students either take a practical exam or answer experiment-related questions in a theory paper.
- Cambridge IGCSE Biology (CIE) – Includes a practical exam or an Alternative to Practical (ATP) paper, testing students’ ability to work with scientific data.
- Edexcel IGCSE Biology – Does not have a separate practical exam. Instead, practical skills are assessed through questions within the main exam papers.
Regardless of the exam board, both approaches ensure students build a strong foundation in scientific methods and experimentation, even if they don’t complete hands-on lab work during the assessment.
How to Use the IGCSE Biology Specification to Study Effectively
The IGCSE Biology specification is more than just a list of topics – it’s a roadmap for your revision. Using it correctly helps you focus on key areas, understand exam expectations, and improve study efficiency. Here’s how to make the most of it.
1.Read and Understand the Specification
Start by downloading the IGCSE Biology syllabus from your exam board’s website (Cambridge or Edexcel). Go through it carefully and highlight:
Key topics – These are the main areas you need to cover.
Learning objectives – These outline what you’re expected to understand and explain.
Assessment details – Check the exam structure, including the types of questions you’ll face.
Make sure you understand the wording used. If it says “describe,” you need to recall key facts. If it says “explain,” you need to give reasons and examples.
2. Structure Your Revision Around the Syllabus
Once you understand the specification, use it to organise your revision:
- Break topics into sections – Work through the syllabus one section at a time instead of revising randomly.
- Use a checklist – Tick off topics as you cover them to track progress.
- Match past papers to topics – Look at past exam questions related to each topic and practise them.
- Review practical skills – Even if there’s no separate practical exam, be prepared to analyse data and interpret experiments.
By using the IGCSE Biology syllabus as a study guide, you’ll stay on track and focus on exactly what the exam will test. Now that you know how to use the syllabus effectively, let’s explore the best resources for IGCSE Biology revision.
Conclusion
Mastering IGCSE Biology isn’t just about memorising facts – it’s about understanding concepts, applying knowledge, and preparing strategically for exams. As we already mentioned, specification serves as a roadmap, helping you focus on the right topics and structure your revision better.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed by the syllabus or struggling with certain topics, online tutoring In IGCSE Biology can be great way to get extra support. A tutor can help break down complex concepts, guide you through exam techniques, and boost your confidence in both theory and practical skills. Remember, staying organised is a must for better results!
FAQ’s
How do you get an A * in IGCSE biology?
Getting an A* in IGCSE Biology is all about understanding the subject, not just memorising facts. Start by following the IGCSE Biology specification so you know exactly what to study. Practice past papers, go through mark schemes, and learn how to answer exam questions properly. Use simple revision techniques like flashcards, diagrams, and active recall to help you remember key ideas. Most importantly, revise regularly instead of cramming at the last minute!
Is biology hard in IGCSE?
It depends on how you study! If you like learning about living things and how they work, you might find it interesting. But Biology does have a lot of facts to remember, so it can feel tricky if you don’t revise enough. The best way to make it easier is to stay organised, break topics into small sections, and practice questions often.
How many topics are in IGCSE biology?
There are about 20-25 main topics, depending on whether you’re doing Cambridge (CIE) or Edexcel. These include cells, human biology, genetics, evolution, and ecosystems. You can find the full list in the IGCSE Biology specification for your exam board.
How long is biology IGCSE?
Cambridge IGCSE Biology requires about 130 hours of study.
