Question Bank by Edumentors
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Why does energy become 'spread out' and harder to use after it's transformed?
This is related to the second law of thermodynamics, which basically says that energy tends to spread out and become less useful over time. When energy is transformed or transferred, it often spreads into the surroundings as thermal energy or sound, forms that are less useful for doing work. For example, when fuel is
What are Van der Waals forces?
Van der Waals forces are a category of intermolecular forces, including London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions. The term is often used to refer to London dispersion forces. London dispersion forces, the weakest of all intermolecular attractions, are present in all molecules, whether they're polar or
What is a hydrogen bond, and how does it affect the properties of water?
A hydrogen bond is a strong type of intermolecular (between molecules) force that occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine) and is then attracted to another electronegative atom in a different molecule. In water (H2O), the oxygen atom is more electrone
What is the difference between a sigma bond and a pi bond?
Sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds are both types of covalent bonds formed between atoms. A sigma bond is the strongest type of covalent bond, where the atomic orbitals directly overlap between the nuclei of two atoms. It's the first bond to be formed between two atoms, and it's formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbital
Can you explain the concept of hybridisation in atomic orbitals?
Hybridisation is the concept in chemistry where atomic orbitals mix to form new, identical hybrid orbitals. This happens to allow atoms to form bonds that are optimally oriented for overlap, leading to molecule formation. For instance, in carbon, the 2s and three 2p orbitals can mix to form four sp3 hybrid orbitals. T
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